Qidi Chemical
PRODUCTS
Lead Naphthenate
|
HS Code |
970700 |
| Chemical Formula | Pb(CnH2n - 1O2)2 |
| Appearance | Brown - viscous liquid or solid |
| Solubility | Soluble in organic solvents like benzene, toluene, xylene |
| Density | Typically around 1.1 - 1.3 g/cm³ |
| Flash Point | Generally above 100°C |
| Vapor Pressure | Low |
| Melting Point | Depends on composition, usually in the range of 50 - 80°C |
| Boiling Point | Decomposes before boiling |
| Viscosity | Relatively high, can vary with concentration |
| Toxicity | Toxic due to lead content |
As an accredited Lead Naphthenate factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Lead Naphthenate packaged in 5 - kg containers for easy handling and storage. |
| Storage | Lead Naphthenate should be stored in a cool, dry, well - ventilated area, away from sources of heat and ignition. Keep it in a tightly closed container to prevent moisture and air exposure. Store it separately from incompatible substances like oxidizing agents. Ensure storage facilities comply with safety regulations to avoid potential lead - related health risks and chemical reactions. |
| Shipping | Lead Naphthenate is shipped in tightly - sealed containers to prevent leakage. It's classified as a hazardous substance, so shipments follow strict regulations, ensuring proper handling during transport to safeguard people and the environment. |
Competitive Lead Naphthenate prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
For samples, pricing, or more information, please call us at +8618136850665 or mail to sales6@liwei-chem.com.
We will respond to you as soon as possible.
Tel: +8618136850665
Email: sales6@liwei-chem.com
Historical Development
The genus of lead pill has been around for a long time, but Lead Naphthenate this thing, its rise is also late. At the beginning, the art of chemistry was not refined, and everyone did not feel it was wonderful. And with the advance of science, the characteristics of this product are known.
It was first used in work, because it can help things, or fix their quality, or adjust their properties. In the industry of painting, it can increase the toughness of paint, and prevent corrosion, and the utensils will last for a long time. Gradually, it is used in various industries, and its benefits are becoming more and more obvious.
The years pass, the deeper the research is, the craftsmanship is also changing, and the quality is getting better. From the initial understanding of its nature, to make good use of its ability, Lead Naphthenate's development, witness the progress of chemical technology, and add luster to various industries.
It was first used in work, because it can help things, or fix their quality, or adjust their properties. In the industry of painting, it can increase the toughness of paint, and prevent corrosion, and the utensils will last for a long time. Gradually, it is used in various industries, and its benefits are becoming more and more obvious.
The years pass, the deeper the research is, the craftsmanship is also changing, and the quality is getting better. From the initial understanding of its nature, to make good use of its ability, Lead Naphthenate's development, witness the progress of chemical technology, and add luster to various industries.
Product Overview
Lead is a heavy metal, which is stable and heavy in quality. Today, it is called lead naphthenate, and its preparation is also made by a compound of naphthenate and lead.
Looking at its shape, it is often a dark liquid with a special smell. Its properties are soluble in organic solvents and have excellent drying effects. In paints and inks, it is often used as a drying agent. On the coating, it can dry quickly, making the paint film firm and flat.
Although lead is beneficial to industry, it is also toxic. Lead naphthenic acid, if not carefully into the body, or through breathing, or by skin contact, can damage the health of the human body, especially the nervous system, blood and other systems. Therefore, those who use this product should be cautious and strictly follow the procedures to prevent harm.
Looking at its shape, it is often a dark liquid with a special smell. Its properties are soluble in organic solvents and have excellent drying effects. In paints and inks, it is often used as a drying agent. On the coating, it can dry quickly, making the paint film firm and flat.
Although lead is beneficial to industry, it is also toxic. Lead naphthenic acid, if not carefully into the body, or through breathing, or by skin contact, can damage the health of the human body, especially the nervous system, blood and other systems. Therefore, those who use this product should be cautious and strictly follow the procedures to prevent harm.
Physical & Chemical Properties
Lead naphthalate is a special chemical substance. Its physical properties are often in a specific color state, or a thick liquid or a semi-solid state, and the color is often brown, with a unique appearance. Its solubility is quite good in organic solvents, and it can be miscible with many organic solvents. This property makes it widely used in specific industrial scenarios.
In terms of chemical properties, lead naphthalate has a certain chemical activity and can participate in chemical reactions under specific conditions. In some catalytic systems, it can exhibit catalytic efficacy and affect the reaction process and rate. And because of its lead content, in some chemical environments, lead ions can dissociate or participate in complexation reactions, exhibiting unique chemical behaviors, which play a unique role in chemical synthesis and other fields, and have a significant impact on the performance of related products.
In terms of chemical properties, lead naphthalate has a certain chemical activity and can participate in chemical reactions under specific conditions. In some catalytic systems, it can exhibit catalytic efficacy and affect the reaction process and rate. And because of its lead content, in some chemical environments, lead ions can dissociate or participate in complexation reactions, exhibiting unique chemical behaviors, which play a unique role in chemical synthesis and other fields, and have a significant impact on the performance of related products.
Technical Specifications & Labeling
"Lead Soap Preparation and Identification"
Lead soap, scientific name Lead Naphthenate, is commonly used in chemical industry. Its production method needs to follow precise process regulations. Prepare all kinds of raw materials first, according to the appropriate proportion. In a clean kettle, control the heat and time to make the material fully react. In this process, temperature and stirring rate are key material parameters.
The method of identification is also heavy. Looking at its color, it should be uniform and free of variegated spots. Smell its smell, and there should be no pungent foreign gas. To measure its purity, with professional equipment, it must meet specific standards. The particle size also needs to be appropriate and uniform. In this way, qualified lead soap products can be obtained to meet the needs of industry.
Lead soap, scientific name Lead Naphthenate, is commonly used in chemical industry. Its production method needs to follow precise process regulations. Prepare all kinds of raw materials first, according to the appropriate proportion. In a clean kettle, control the heat and time to make the material fully react. In this process, temperature and stirring rate are key material parameters.
The method of identification is also heavy. Looking at its color, it should be uniform and free of variegated spots. Smell its smell, and there should be no pungent foreign gas. To measure its purity, with professional equipment, it must meet specific standards. The particle size also needs to be appropriate and uniform. In this way, qualified lead soap products can be obtained to meet the needs of industry.
Preparation Method
The preparation of lead soap is related to the product of lead naphthenic acid. The raw material is taken from naphthenic acid and supplemented with lead salt. First, the naphthenic acid is neutralized with the alkali to obtain a naphthenic acid solution. This neutralization step requires temperature control and proportion to ensure that the reaction is sufficient.
Then, lead salts are introduced and metathesis is performed. At a suitable temperature and pressure, the two are phased to form lead naphthenic acid. The reaction process is monitored diligently to ensure its compliance.
After the product is separated and purified. By filtration and distillation, impurities are removed to obtain pure lead naphthenic acid. The device requires corrosion-resistant materials, and is equipped with temperature control and stirring to promote uniform reaction and ensure the quality of the product.
Then, lead salts are introduced and metathesis is performed. At a suitable temperature and pressure, the two are phased to form lead naphthenic acid. The reaction process is monitored diligently to ensure its compliance.
After the product is separated and purified. By filtration and distillation, impurities are removed to obtain pure lead naphthenic acid. The device requires corrosion-resistant materials, and is equipped with temperature control and stirring to promote uniform reaction and ensure the quality of the product.
Chemical Reactions & Modifications
Lead is one of the hardware, and it is often used in chemical industry. The chemical reaction and change of lead naphthenate can be explored.
The formation of lead naphthenate is the chemical reaction between naphthenate and lead salt. It should also be used as a drying agent in the paint industry. The cover can promote the oxidation and polymerization of oils, so that the paint film can dry quickly. This chemical response is wonderful in accelerating the crosslinking of molecules, changing the liquid phase to a solid phase, and the paint film is formed.
As for the change of its chemical properties, it is easy to change the structure when heated or exposed to specific reagents. The activity of lead ions may vary depending on the environment, which also changes the performance of lead naphthenate. However, this change also needs to be noted carefully, lead is toxic, and it is harmful to both the environment and the human body. Therefore, when studying its transformation and change, we should also think about how to control it, avoid its harm and promote its benefits, which is the way of chemical research.
The formation of lead naphthenate is the chemical reaction between naphthenate and lead salt. It should also be used as a drying agent in the paint industry. The cover can promote the oxidation and polymerization of oils, so that the paint film can dry quickly. This chemical response is wonderful in accelerating the crosslinking of molecules, changing the liquid phase to a solid phase, and the paint film is formed.
As for the change of its chemical properties, it is easy to change the structure when heated or exposed to specific reagents. The activity of lead ions may vary depending on the environment, which also changes the performance of lead naphthenate. However, this change also needs to be noted carefully, lead is toxic, and it is harmful to both the environment and the human body. Therefore, when studying its transformation and change, we should also think about how to control it, avoid its harm and promote its benefits, which is the way of chemical research.
Synonyms & Product Names
The naphthenic salts of lead, also known as many. Or lead naphthenic acid, also known as lead naphthate. All these terms refer to the same thing.
The naphthenic salts of lead, which are important chemical products. It is widely used in the industrial field and is often used as a drying agent for paints and inks. It can promote the drying of such materials to form films and improve their operating efficiency. It is also used in rubber processing. It can be used as a vulcanization active agent to help the vulcanization process of rubber and improve the properties of rubber products.
The preparation method is mostly obtained by the chemical reaction of naphthenic acid and lead salt. During the reaction, the reaction conditions, such as temperature, pH, etc., need to be controlled to ensure the quality and yield of the product. This chemical is of great significance in industrial production. Although its different names are different, the entities referred to are the same, and they are all important substances for promoting industrial development.
The naphthenic salts of lead, which are important chemical products. It is widely used in the industrial field and is often used as a drying agent for paints and inks. It can promote the drying of such materials to form films and improve their operating efficiency. It is also used in rubber processing. It can be used as a vulcanization active agent to help the vulcanization process of rubber and improve the properties of rubber products.
The preparation method is mostly obtained by the chemical reaction of naphthenic acid and lead salt. During the reaction, the reaction conditions, such as temperature, pH, etc., need to be controlled to ensure the quality and yield of the product. This chemical is of great significance in industrial production. Although its different names are different, the entities referred to are the same, and they are all important substances for promoting industrial development.
Safety & Operational Standards
Lead soap is widely used in industry, as well as in chemical products. The safety and operation specifications of lead soap (Lead Naphthenate) products should not be careless.
Where this material is involved, its nature should be clearly understood. Lead soap has specific chemical properties, or when exposed to heat, fire, or other objects, it has different responses. The operator must first know the reason before acting.
When storing, choose a dry, cool, and ventilated place to avoid water, fire, and sun exposure. Store it in a suitable container, and seal it tightly to prevent leakage. Do not place it with strong oxidizing substances or acidic substances to prevent abnormal changes.
When operating, the operator should use protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and masks, to avoid touching his body, entering his eyes, or inhaling his breath. If you accidentally touch it, wash it with water as soon as possible, and seek medical attention for those who are serious.
After using it, the rest should not be discarded indiscriminately. Dispose of it properly according to relevant regulations. The place of work should always be kept clean, except for hidden dangers.
Everyone should keep in mind the safety and operating standards of lead soap, and follow them to ensure safety and avoid disasters. This is a long-term way.
Where this material is involved, its nature should be clearly understood. Lead soap has specific chemical properties, or when exposed to heat, fire, or other objects, it has different responses. The operator must first know the reason before acting.
When storing, choose a dry, cool, and ventilated place to avoid water, fire, and sun exposure. Store it in a suitable container, and seal it tightly to prevent leakage. Do not place it with strong oxidizing substances or acidic substances to prevent abnormal changes.
When operating, the operator should use protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and masks, to avoid touching his body, entering his eyes, or inhaling his breath. If you accidentally touch it, wash it with water as soon as possible, and seek medical attention for those who are serious.
After using it, the rest should not be discarded indiscriminately. Dispose of it properly according to relevant regulations. The place of work should always be kept clean, except for hidden dangers.
Everyone should keep in mind the safety and operating standards of lead soap, and follow them to ensure safety and avoid disasters. This is a long-term way.
Application Area
Lead soap is made by the fine research of chemistry, and is widely used in various fields.
In the lacquer art, lead soap is an excellent desiccant. Make the paint dry quickly, and the color is bright and moist, without dullness. Craftsmen make paint, adding this lead soap can save man-hours, and the paint is also more refined.
The lubrication of mechanical operation, lead soap is also indispensable. In all kinds of machinery, it can reduce the friction of parts, protect the equipment, and extend its life. During operation, it is smooth and free, like a boat traveling on flat water.
Furthermore, in fuel oil, lead soap can optimize its performance. It helps fuel burn, making the fire more prosperous, more powerful, and can clean the combustion chamber, avoiding the trouble of fouling.
The use of lead soap in lacquer art, machinery, fuel and other fields has great achievements. It is a wonder of chemistry and benefits a lot.
In the lacquer art, lead soap is an excellent desiccant. Make the paint dry quickly, and the color is bright and moist, without dullness. Craftsmen make paint, adding this lead soap can save man-hours, and the paint is also more refined.
The lubrication of mechanical operation, lead soap is also indispensable. In all kinds of machinery, it can reduce the friction of parts, protect the equipment, and extend its life. During operation, it is smooth and free, like a boat traveling on flat water.
Furthermore, in fuel oil, lead soap can optimize its performance. It helps fuel burn, making the fire more prosperous, more powerful, and can clean the combustion chamber, avoiding the trouble of fouling.
The use of lead soap in lacquer art, machinery, fuel and other fields has great achievements. It is a wonder of chemistry and benefits a lot.
Research & Development
The genus of lead soap under study today, especially lead naphthenate (Lead Naphthenate). Lead naphthenate has a wide range of uses and is used in paint, lubrication and other industries. Study its quality, seek its properties, and hope to make good use of it.
Begin to investigate its preparation in detail. Take naphthenic acid and lead salt, combine them according to the method, control its temperature and adjust its agent, so as to obtain a pure product. However, in the process, impurities are easily disturbed, so the method of refining is the key to research.
And test its properties. Lead naphthenate dissolves in organic solvents and has the ability to promote drying. It forms a film in paints, and its effect is significant. However, its toxicity cannot be ignored. Therefore, when it is used, the protection policy must be comprehensive.
As for the future, I hope to be able to expand its use and reduce its harm. The research and development of new methods makes the contribution to the progress of industry more great, but the harm to people and the environment is minimal. In this way, the research and progress of lead naphthenate can be a blessing for the industry.
Begin to investigate its preparation in detail. Take naphthenic acid and lead salt, combine them according to the method, control its temperature and adjust its agent, so as to obtain a pure product. However, in the process, impurities are easily disturbed, so the method of refining is the key to research.
And test its properties. Lead naphthenate dissolves in organic solvents and has the ability to promote drying. It forms a film in paints, and its effect is significant. However, its toxicity cannot be ignored. Therefore, when it is used, the protection policy must be comprehensive.
As for the future, I hope to be able to expand its use and reduce its harm. The research and development of new methods makes the contribution to the progress of industry more great, but the harm to people and the environment is minimal. In this way, the research and progress of lead naphthenate can be a blessing for the industry.
Toxicity Research
The industry of chemical industry is related to people's livelihood, but the investigation of poisons in it cannot be ignored. Today, there is lead soap (Lead Naphthenate), which is widely used in industry. Our generation should investigate its toxicity to understand its harm.
Lead soap, or lead-containing substances, lead, is highly toxic. If the human body touches it, eats it, or inhales it, it can cause harm. In light cases, it may feel uncomfortable and mentally exhausted; in severe cases, the viscera will be damaged, endangering life.
In the environment, the leakage of lead soap is also a serious problem. It can pollute soil and water sources, causing organisms to be poisoned by it, and the ecological balance will be broken. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the toxicity of lead soap, which is related to everyone's well-being and ecological stability.
Lead soap, or lead-containing substances, lead, is highly toxic. If the human body touches it, eats it, or inhales it, it can cause harm. In light cases, it may feel uncomfortable and mentally exhausted; in severe cases, the viscera will be damaged, endangering life.
In the environment, the leakage of lead soap is also a serious problem. It can pollute soil and water sources, causing organisms to be poisoned by it, and the ecological balance will be broken. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the toxicity of lead soap, which is related to everyone's well-being and ecological stability.
Future Prospects
Nowadays, there is a chemical material called Lead Naphthenate. It is widely used in industry, can be used as a drying agent, and can help paint dry quickly. It is quite popular in the paint and ink industries.
Looking at its future, it has extraordinary potential. With the advance of science and technology, industry is increasingly seeking high-efficiency and environmentally friendly additives. If Lead Naphthenate can respond to this trend, seek new methods of preparation, reduce pollution and increase efficiency, it will be able to expand its use territory.
And the paint and ink industries often pursue the improvement of quality and the full range of functions. Lead Naphthenate may be able to develop its new capabilities, such as better weather resistance and stronger adhesion, to meet the needs of the ever-changing market. Its future exhibition is like the rising sun, full of hope, and the future is limitless.
Looking at its future, it has extraordinary potential. With the advance of science and technology, industry is increasingly seeking high-efficiency and environmentally friendly additives. If Lead Naphthenate can respond to this trend, seek new methods of preparation, reduce pollution and increase efficiency, it will be able to expand its use territory.
And the paint and ink industries often pursue the improvement of quality and the full range of functions. Lead Naphthenate may be able to develop its new capabilities, such as better weather resistance and stronger adhesion, to meet the needs of the ever-changing market. Its future exhibition is like the rising sun, full of hope, and the future is limitless.
Where to Buy Lead Naphthenate in China?
As a trusted Lead Naphthenate manufacturer, we deliver:
Factory-Direct Value: Competitive pricing with no middleman markups, tailored for bulk orders and project-scale requirements.
Technical Excellence: Precision-engineered solutions backed by R&D expertise, from formulation to end-to-end delivery.
Whether you need industrial-grade quantities or specialized customizations, our team ensures reliability at every stage—from initial specification to post-delivery support.
As a leading Lead Naphthenate supplier, we deliver high-quality products across diverse grades to meet evolving needs, empowering global customers with safe, efficient, and compliant chemical solutions.
What are the main uses of Lead Naphthenate?
Lead (Lead) and naphthenate (Naphthenate) of lead naphthenate is widely used. In the industrial field, one of them is used in paints and paints. This is because lead naphthenate can be used as a drying agent, which can accelerate the oxidation and polymerization of oil components in paints, so that the paint film can be quickly dried and formed into a film. In this way, not only can the production efficiency be improved, but also the hardness, gloss and durability of the paint film can be improved, making the coated product more beautiful and durable.
Furthermore, lead naphthenate also has important functions in lubricating grease. It can be used as an additive to enhance the performance of lubricating grease. It can reduce the friction coefficient between friction surfaces, reduce wear, improve lubrication effect, prolong the service life of mechanical equipment, and ensure smooth operation of machinery.
In the rubber industry, lead naphthenates also play a role. It can be used as a vulcanization active agent to promote the vulcanization process of rubber, improve the physical and mechanical properties of vulcanizates, such as tensile strength, wear resistance, etc., thereby improving the quality and performance of rubber products.
In addition, in some specific chemical synthesis reactions, lead naphthenates can act as catalysts to accelerate the reaction process, improve the reaction yield and selectivity, and help chemical production to be more efficient.
What Effects Does Lead Naphthenate Have on the Environment?
The substances composed of lead and naphthenate have a complex impact on the environment. Lead is also a highly toxic heavy metal. If lead naphthenate is scattered in the environment, first, in the soil, lead ions will adhere to soil particles, causing changes in soil physical and chemical properties. Soil microorganisms depend on a suitable environment for survival and reproduction. If this substance enters the soil, it may interfere with the metabolic pathway of microorganisms, causing the balance of the soil ecosystem to be destroyed, which in turn affects the absorption of nutrients by plant roots, causing plant growth to be blocked.
Second, if it enters the water body, the lead naphthenate will dissolve and release lead ions. Aquatic organisms are extremely sensitive to lead, and even a small amount will affect the physiological functions of aquatic organisms. If the gill tissue of fish may be damaged, it will interfere with respiration; and it will accumulate in aquatic organisms and pass through the food chain, threatening human health.
Third, in the atmospheric environment, if the substances containing lead naphthenates are burned or volatilized, their particles or gaseous substances will enter the atmosphere. Human inhalation of lead-containing particles can damage the nervous system, blood system, etc. Children are particularly vulnerable, which can lead to serious consequences such as mental retardation.
Fourth, the degradation process of lead naphthenates also needs attention. In the environment, its degradation is slow, long-term retention, and continuous harm to the ecology. And degradation products may be toxic, making environmental problems more difficult. Therefore, lead naphthenates pose a significant threat to the environment. Wastes containing these substances should be disposed of cautiously and their dynamics in the environment should be closely monitored to ensure the safety of the ecological environment.
What are the precautions in the storage and transportation of Lead Naphthenate?
Lead soap (Lead Naphthenate) is commonly used in chemical industry. When storing and transporting, many matters must be paid attention to.
First, store in a cool and dry place. Lead soap is prone to change in quality when wet, and exists in high temperatures, or causes changes in its chemical properties, so it is important to avoid moisture and high temperatures. Second, it should be placed separately from oxidized and acidic substances. Lead soap encounters oxidized substances and is prone to oxidation reactions, while acidic substances come into contact with it or cause it to decompose, affecting its efficacy. Third, good ventilation is required for storage to avoid the accumulation of harmful gases and ensure the safety of the storage environment.
As for transportation, one must ensure that the packaging is intact. If the lead soap packaging is damaged, it is easy to leak and cause pollution, and may endanger the safety of the transporter. Second, choose the appropriate means of transportation to avoid transportation with incompatible substances. During transportation, it is also necessary to prevent vibration and impact to avoid damage to the packaging. Third, to follow the relevant transportation regulations, transporters must be familiar with the characteristics of lead soap and emergency treatment methods. In case of emergencies, they can properly deal with it to ensure the safety of the transportation process. In this way, the lead soap can be stored and transported in good condition for subsequent use.
What are the Preparation Methods of Lead Naphthenate
There are many ways to prepare the lead naphthenate from lead (Lead) and naphthenate (Naphthenate). First, the naphthenate and sodium hydroxide are first prepared into sodium naphthenate. The method is: take an appropriate amount of naphthenate, place it in a clean container, slowly add sodium hydroxide solution, and keep stirring with a glass rod until the two fully react to form a sodium naphthenate solution. This process requires attention to the pH of the solution, which can be measured by litmus test paper, etc., so that the reaction is complete.
Second, mix the prepared sodium naphthenate solution with a soluble lead salt solution. Common soluble lead salts, such as lead nitrate solution. Mix the two slowly, during which a precipitation can be seen gradually forming in the solution, and this precipitation is lead naphthenic acid. When mixing, the speed should be slow, and the stirring should be continued to make the reaction proceed uniformly.
Third, after the precipitation is formed, further treatment is required. Filter out the sediment with a filter device such as filter paper or Brinell funnel. The filtered product adheres to many impurities and water, so it needs to be washed with an appropriate amount of organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, etc., to remove impurities. After washing, the sediment is dried at a suitable temperature to obtain a relatively pure lead naphthenic acid.
Or, it can directly react with naphthenic acid with lead oxide. Lead oxides, such as lead oxide, are added to a reactor containing naphthenic acid, heated properly, and stirred to promote the reaction between the two. During the reaction process, the temperature and reaction time need to be controlled to ensure that the reaction is sufficient. After the reaction is completed, lead naphthenates can also be prepared through filtration, impurity removal, drying and other steps. The process of preparing lead naphthenates requires strict control of the conditions of each step to obtain high-quality products.
What is the market price range for Lead Naphthenate?
The market price range of lead and naphthenate varies depending on a variety of factors.
In terms of market conditions, first, the source and quality of the raw materials are the key. If the purity of lead is high and the extraction of naphthenate is excellent, the price of the product will be high. If the lead from high-quality lead ore is combined with the naphthenate produced by fine process, these lead naphthenates can be obtained at a higher price in the market due to their high quality. Second, the production process also affects the price. Advanced and efficient processes can ensure the stability and consistency of the product, which can enhance its value. If the process is simple, the product has many impurities and unstable performance, the price is limited.
Furthermore, the state of market supply and demand determines the price. When the market demand for lead naphthenates is strong, such as in paints, lubricating oil additives and other industries, the supply is in short supply and the price will rise; on the contrary, if the demand is weak and the supply exceeds the demand, the price will fall.
According to past market conditions and common market conditions, the price of lead naphthenates may range from tens to hundreds of yuan per kilogram. However, this is only a general range, and the specific price still needs to be determined comprehensively according to the actual supply and demand in the current market, fluctuations in raw material prices and details of production processes. Therefore, when purchasing or trading, it is necessary to carefully observe market dynamics in order to obtain a reasonable price.
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