Qidi Chemical
PRODUCTS
Cerium Naphthenate
|
HS Code |
623967 |
| Chemical Formula | C22H13CeO4 |
| Appearance | Brown viscous liquid |
| Solubility | Soluble in organic solvents like xylene |
| Density | Around 0.95 - 1.05 g/cm³ |
| Flash Point | Typically above 30°C |
| Cerium Content | Often in the range of 6 - 8% |
| Viscosity | High viscosity, flow is relatively slow |
| Odor | Characteristic naphthenic odor |
| Boiling Point | Decomposes before boiling |
| Stability | Stable under normal storage conditions |
As an accredited Cerium Naphthenate factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 5 - liter can of Cerium Naphthenate, well - sealed for chemical protection. |
| Storage | Cerium Naphthenate should be stored in a cool, dry, well - ventilated area. Keep it away from heat sources, open flames, and oxidizing agents. Store in tightly - sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. It's advisable to separate it from incompatible substances to avoid potential chemical reactions. Regularly inspect storage conditions for safety. |
| Shipping | Cerium Naphthenate is typically shipped in sealed, corrosion - resistant containers. It must comply with hazardous chemical shipping regulations, ensuring proper labeling, secure packaging to prevent leakage during transit. |
Competitive Cerium Naphthenate prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
For samples, pricing, or more information, please call us at +8618136850665 or mail to sales6@liwei-chem.com.
We will respond to you as soon as possible.
Tel: +8618136850665
Email: sales6@liwei-chem.com
Historical Development
Cerium Naphthenate is a chemical product. Its origin is also the beginning of the chemical industry in the past, and all the sages studied it, wanting new agents to deal with everything. At that time, all kinds of materials did not have perfect methods, and their effectiveness was not obvious.
Later, there was a wise man, who spent many years, probing and hiding, and tried again and again in various methods of synthesis and material proportions. Gradually realized, Cerium Naphthenate appeared in the world. In the beginning, its production was still rare, and it was only used for a few important industries.
However, the years pass, the industry is advancing day by day, and its use is wide. Craftsmen observe its nature and make good use of it. It has extraordinary effects in various fields of painting and catalysis. As a result, its output has also increased, the process has become more refined, contributing to the rise of industry, and it has gradually drifted away from the chemical industry, eventually becoming today's grand view.
Later, there was a wise man, who spent many years, probing and hiding, and tried again and again in various methods of synthesis and material proportions. Gradually realized, Cerium Naphthenate appeared in the world. In the beginning, its production was still rare, and it was only used for a few important industries.
However, the years pass, the industry is advancing day by day, and its use is wide. Craftsmen observe its nature and make good use of it. It has extraordinary effects in various fields of painting and catalysis. As a result, its output has also increased, the process has become more refined, contributing to the rise of industry, and it has gradually drifted away from the chemical industry, eventually becoming today's grand view.
Product Overview
Ceramic naphthenates are chemically delicate. They may be dark and viscous liquids with specific chemical properties.
This product is used in various industrial fields and has a wide range of uses. In the coating industry, it can be used as a drying agent to speed up the drying process of the paint, improve efficiency, and make the coating more tough and shiny. In the manufacture of inks, it also has similar functions, making the ink dry quickly and have a stable color.
In addition, it also contributes to rubber processing, which can optimize the properties of rubber and increase its toughness and wear resistance.
The preparation of cerium naphthenate requires a fine method, temperature control and precise ingredients. Only with scientific method and rigorous heart can this good product be produced, which is conducive to industrial development and extraordinary.
This product is used in various industrial fields and has a wide range of uses. In the coating industry, it can be used as a drying agent to speed up the drying process of the paint, improve efficiency, and make the coating more tough and shiny. In the manufacture of inks, it also has similar functions, making the ink dry quickly and have a stable color.
In addition, it also contributes to rubber processing, which can optimize the properties of rubber and increase its toughness and wear resistance.
The preparation of cerium naphthenate requires a fine method, temperature control and precise ingredients. Only with scientific method and rigorous heart can this good product be produced, which is conducive to industrial development and extraordinary.
Physical & Chemical Properties
Cerium Naphthenate is a unique chemical product. Its physical and chemical properties are unique. Looking at its shape, at room temperature, it is often in the shape of a liquid, with dark or light color and certain fluidity. Its density is moderate, and it shows good solubility in many organic solvents. This characteristic makes it widely used in industrial fields.
In terms of its chemical properties, it has a certain stability, and it can also react delicately when it encounters specific chemical reagents. In its molecular structure, cerium is cleverly connected with naphthenate groups, giving this substance its unique chemical activity. With such physical and chemical properties, Cerium Naphthenate is used in coatings, inks, and other industries, playing important functions such as catalysis and drying, and contributing to many industrial processes.
In terms of its chemical properties, it has a certain stability, and it can also react delicately when it encounters specific chemical reagents. In its molecular structure, cerium is cleverly connected with naphthenate groups, giving this substance its unique chemical activity. With such physical and chemical properties, Cerium Naphthenate is used in coatings, inks, and other industries, playing important functions such as catalysis and drying, and contributing to many industrial processes.
Technical Specifications & Labeling
Nowadays, there is a chemical called Cerium Naphthenate, and its process specifications and identification (product parameters) are the key. The process specifications are related to the production method and the precision of the materials used. The formula needs to be precise and the proportion of each ingredient is appropriate to achieve its effect. The production process also has fixed rules, from the pretreatment of raw materials to the control of reaction conditions, such as temperature and duration.
In terms of identification (product parameters), the content of ingredients is accurate, which is the basis of quality. Appearance traits must be clear, or the description of color and shape. In addition, parameters such as stability and solubility are also indispensable. These two, process specifications and identification (product parameters), have a profound impact on the quality of Cerium Naphthenate, which is relevant to its application in various industries.
In terms of identification (product parameters), the content of ingredients is accurate, which is the basis of quality. Appearance traits must be clear, or the description of color and shape. In addition, parameters such as stability and solubility are also indispensable. These two, process specifications and identification (product parameters), have a profound impact on the quality of Cerium Naphthenate, which is relevant to its application in various industries.
Preparation Method
The method of making Cerium Naphthenate is related to the raw materials and production process, reaction steps and catalytic mechanism. First take an appropriate amount of naphthenate, which is the basis of the raw material. With cerium salt, mix according to the appropriate ratio. In a specific reactor, control the appropriate temperature and pressure. The first step is to fully contact the naphthenate with the cerium salt to initiate a preliminary reaction. In the meantime, or add a specific catalyst to accelerate the reaction, which is where the catalytic mechanism lies. As the reaction advances, observe the reaction process carefully. Adjust the reaction conditions in a timely manner, such as a slight rise in temperature and a slight change in the stirring rate. When the reaction is complete, the impurities are removed through the steps of separation and purification, and the final pure Cerium Naphthenate product is obtained. The entire process involves the selection of raw materials, the control of reaction conditions, and the use of catalysis, all of which are crucial to ensure product quality and output efficiency.
Chemical Reactions & Modifications
Cerium Naphthenate is an important object of chemical research. Its chemical reaction is quite wonderful. Under specific conditions, it can combine with various substances and undergo unique changes. This change may cause changes in its physical and chemical properties.
After repeated investigation, the mechanism of the reaction can be controlled by adjusting the temperature, pressure and the proportion of reactants to achieve the desired modification effect. Or enhance its stability, or enhance its activity, so that this product is more effective in industrial and scientific research fields. Our chemical researchers should continue to study and clarify the mystery of its reaction, so as to improve its performance and contribute to the development of related fields.
After repeated investigation, the mechanism of the reaction can be controlled by adjusting the temperature, pressure and the proportion of reactants to achieve the desired modification effect. Or enhance its stability, or enhance its activity, so that this product is more effective in industrial and scientific research fields. Our chemical researchers should continue to study and clarify the mystery of its reaction, so as to improve its performance and contribute to the development of related fields.
Synonyms & Product Names
"Cerium Naphthenate: The Name of the Same Name and the Name of the Commodity"
The field of chemistry, the name of the substance, or the name of the same substance and the name of the different. In this word, Cerium Naphthenate is also known as another name in the industry. Its name is cerium naphthenate, but the world is also called cerium naphthenate. Cerium naphthenate is actually the same thing as Cerium Naphthenate, and its name is different but the quality is the same.
In the chemical trade, merchants often use the name cerium naphthenate because of old habits or for convenience. It is used in industrial preparations, coating additives and other fields. Although the names are different, their chemical characteristics and effects are not different. This is due to the evolution of the industry and the convenience of appellations, resulting in the coexistence of business names and scientific names.
The field of chemistry, the name of the substance, or the name of the same substance and the name of the different. In this word, Cerium Naphthenate is also known as another name in the industry. Its name is cerium naphthenate, but the world is also called cerium naphthenate. Cerium naphthenate is actually the same thing as Cerium Naphthenate, and its name is different but the quality is the same.
In the chemical trade, merchants often use the name cerium naphthenate because of old habits or for convenience. It is used in industrial preparations, coating additives and other fields. Although the names are different, their chemical characteristics and effects are not different. This is due to the evolution of the industry and the convenience of appellations, resulting in the coexistence of business names and scientific names.
Safety & Operational Standards
Specifications for safety and operation of cerium naphthenates
Cerium naphthenates are also the genus of chemical products. To clarify their safety and operation specifications, the following things should be carefully reviewed.
First of all, discuss the rules of storage. It should be placed in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place, away from fire and heat sources. It is important to cover its properties or be flammable in case of fire. Do not store in one place with oxidizing agents, acids, etc., to prevent violent chemical reactions from occurring and causing danger.
As for handling, it must be handled with care, and do not touch or drag. If the packaging of this product is damaged, its contents will overflow, or cause an accident. Handlers must wear suitable protective gear, such as gloves, protective clothing, etc., to avoid direct contact with the skin.
When operating, make sure the place is well ventilated. If operating in a confined space, harmful gases can accumulate and endanger people. Operators should be professionally trained and familiar with the operation process. Use appropriate equipment, such as protective glasses, to protect your eyes from damage.
If accidentally touching the skin, rinse with plenty of water, followed by soap. If it enters the eyes, rinse immediately with running water or normal saline and seek medical attention. In case of fire, use a suitable fire extinguisher such as dry powder and carbon dioxide to put out the fire. Do not use water to prevent the fire from spreading.
When discarded, it should be disposed of in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and should not be discarded at will to avoid polluting the environment. In short, strict adherence to safety and operating standards can ensure the safety of people and everything goes smoothly.
Cerium naphthenates are also the genus of chemical products. To clarify their safety and operation specifications, the following things should be carefully reviewed.
First of all, discuss the rules of storage. It should be placed in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place, away from fire and heat sources. It is important to cover its properties or be flammable in case of fire. Do not store in one place with oxidizing agents, acids, etc., to prevent violent chemical reactions from occurring and causing danger.
As for handling, it must be handled with care, and do not touch or drag. If the packaging of this product is damaged, its contents will overflow, or cause an accident. Handlers must wear suitable protective gear, such as gloves, protective clothing, etc., to avoid direct contact with the skin.
When operating, make sure the place is well ventilated. If operating in a confined space, harmful gases can accumulate and endanger people. Operators should be professionally trained and familiar with the operation process. Use appropriate equipment, such as protective glasses, to protect your eyes from damage.
If accidentally touching the skin, rinse with plenty of water, followed by soap. If it enters the eyes, rinse immediately with running water or normal saline and seek medical attention. In case of fire, use a suitable fire extinguisher such as dry powder and carbon dioxide to put out the fire. Do not use water to prevent the fire from spreading.
When discarded, it should be disposed of in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and should not be discarded at will to avoid polluting the environment. In short, strict adherence to safety and operating standards can ensure the safety of people and everything goes smoothly.
Application Area
The body of "Mengxi Brush Talk" is designed to understand things, and it is now imitated to describe the use of Cerium Naphthenate. Cerium Naphthenate has great contributions in various fields. In the paint industry, it can be used as a drying agent to promote quick drying of the oil film, and make the coating firm, uniform in color, and increase its durability. In the rubber industry, it can also help, which can adjust the vulcanization rate, make the rubber have excellent physical properties, good tensile and wear resistance. In the field of synthetic resins, it can be used as a catalyst to promote smooth reaction and improve the quality of the product. From this point of view, Cerium Naphthenate has a wide range of uses in various industries of industry and technology, and is actually an indispensable product.
Research & Development
Modern chemistry has advanced, and all kinds of compounds are new day by day. Today, on Cerium Naphthenate, its function in industrial affairs is quite significant. We have been studying it for years. At the beginning, we analyzed its chemical properties and understood the wonderful structure of it. This is the foundation of our research. Then, we explored the method of its preparation, and strived for sophisticated technology, affordable cost and high quality.
In the research, we encountered various problems, such as the control of purity and the speed of reaction. However, we worked tirelessly. After repeated experiments, we improved the process and gradually obtained the best method. Today, the amount of its output is gradually increasing, and the quality is also stable.
Looking to the future, we hope that Cerium Naphthenate will expand in more fields, such as material innovation and catalytic synergy. We should hold the heart of research, make unremitting progress, promote its development, and contribute to industrial progress, with a view to achieving extraordinary success.
In the research, we encountered various problems, such as the control of purity and the speed of reaction. However, we worked tirelessly. After repeated experiments, we improved the process and gradually obtained the best method. Today, the amount of its output is gradually increasing, and the quality is also stable.
Looking to the future, we hope that Cerium Naphthenate will expand in more fields, such as material innovation and catalytic synergy. We should hold the heart of research, make unremitting progress, promote its development, and contribute to industrial progress, with a view to achieving extraordinary success.
Toxicity Research
A certain evening photo, I studied the toxicity of Cerium Naphthenate in Zhai. This agent has many applications in industry, but the investigation of its toxicity is related to the well-being of all living beings and cannot be ignored.
I took various experimental methods to observe its impact on various things. First, grass and wood were planted in the soil containing this agent. For a few days, the leaves were gradually withered and the vitality was weakened. It can be seen that it is hindered to the growth of plants. It was also placed in it with insects. After a while, many insects died, and the toxicity was strong.
The guinea pigs were tested again, fed with the agent, and the guinea pigs gradually became uncomfortable, their movements were slow, and their coat color was dull. Therefore, this Cerium Naphthenate toxicity is quite strong, to the ecology, life are harmful. In the future, when used with caution, study its solution to avoid the method, to ensure foolproof.
I took various experimental methods to observe its impact on various things. First, grass and wood were planted in the soil containing this agent. For a few days, the leaves were gradually withered and the vitality was weakened. It can be seen that it is hindered to the growth of plants. It was also placed in it with insects. After a while, many insects died, and the toxicity was strong.
The guinea pigs were tested again, fed with the agent, and the guinea pigs gradually became uncomfortable, their movements were slow, and their coat color was dull. Therefore, this Cerium Naphthenate toxicity is quite strong, to the ecology, life are harmful. In the future, when used with caution, study its solution to avoid the method, to ensure foolproof.
Future Prospects
Cerium Naphthenate is not widely known today, but its future development can be looked forward to. Its characteristics are specific, and it can be used in various industrial applications, or it can show extraordinary performance.
I expect that in the future, it will make a name for itself in the field of material improvement. With its unique chemical properties, it can make the material strong and tough, and resistant to corrosion. In the industry of painting, it can make the paint color always fresh and protect the object for a long time.
And with the advance of science and technology, the exploration of it will become deeper. Or it can explore new uses and open up unprecedented territory. At that time, Ceria Naphthenate will be cherished by the industry and become an important tool for future development. It will shine brightly on the undeveloped road and be used by the world to benefit all industries. This is what I look forward to in the future.
I expect that in the future, it will make a name for itself in the field of material improvement. With its unique chemical properties, it can make the material strong and tough, and resistant to corrosion. In the industry of painting, it can make the paint color always fresh and protect the object for a long time.
And with the advance of science and technology, the exploration of it will become deeper. Or it can explore new uses and open up unprecedented territory. At that time, Ceria Naphthenate will be cherished by the industry and become an important tool for future development. It will shine brightly on the undeveloped road and be used by the world to benefit all industries. This is what I look forward to in the future.
Where to Buy Cerium Naphthenate in China?
As a trusted Cerium Naphthenate manufacturer, we deliver:
Factory-Direct Value: Competitive pricing with no middleman markups, tailored for bulk orders and project-scale requirements.
Technical Excellence: Precision-engineered solutions backed by R&D expertise, from formulation to end-to-end delivery.
Whether you need industrial-grade quantities or specialized customizations, our team ensures reliability at every stage—from initial specification to post-delivery support.
As a leading Cerium Naphthenate supplier, we deliver high-quality products across diverse grades to meet evolving needs, empowering global customers with safe, efficient, and compliant chemical solutions.
What are the main uses of cerium naphthenate?
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate is one kind of medicine. Its main use is to treat the disease of hyperkalemia.
The disease of hyperkalemia is quite tricky. If the blood potassium is too high, the heart and muscles will suffer from it. The heart is the main blood vessel. If the potassium is high, the rhythm of the heart will be abnormal, or slow or fast, or even life-threatening; if the muscle is used for exercise, if the potassium is too high, the muscles will be weak, sore and uncomfortable, or even impotent.
The use of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate is wonderful because it can be exchanged with potassium ions in the intestine. When it enters the intestine, it encounters potassium ions, and it knots with it, so that potassium ions cannot enter the blood again, and come out with the feces. In this way, the amount of potassium ions in the blood gradually decreases, and it returns to a normal state.
Viewing the wonder of this medicine, it is like a good work treatment device, accurately adjusting the sub. With its characteristics, it solves the distress of patients with hyperkalemia. In clinical practice, when encountering diseases with high blood potassium, doctors often use sodium zirconium cyclosilicate as one of the treatments. It can stabilize and lower blood potassium, and it is quite safe, so that the patient's condition can be slowed down and the quality of life can be gradually restored. Therefore, sodium zirconium cyclosilicate is indispensable in the treatment of hyperkalemia.
What are the physical and chemical properties of cerium naphthenate
Cobalt naphthenate is one of the organometallic compounds and has a wide range of uses in many industrial fields. Its physical and chemical properties are unique and detailed as follows:
Looking at its properties, it usually shows a purple or brown viscous liquid with a special smell. This color and state are caused by its molecular structure and the interaction of the elements it contains.
In terms of solubility, cobalt naphthenate is soluble in most organic solvents, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, etc. This property is derived from the fact that its molecules contain both polar metal ions and non-polar organic groups, so it can be well miscible with organic solvents. With this solubility, it can be evenly dispersed in the system when applied in coatings, inks and other industries to exert its specific effects.
In terms of melting point and boiling point, because it is a complex mixture, the exact value varies according to its composition and purity. The approximate melting point range is low, and it is liquid at room temperature, which is easy to transport and use. The boiling point is relatively high. Under general use conditions, the stability is quite good, and it is not easy to evaporate and dissipate.
Stability is also the key. At room temperature and pressure without special chemical environment influence, cobalt naphthenate is quite stable. However, in the case of strong oxidizing agents, strong acids and bases, its chemical structure may be affected, triggering a chemical reaction. In case of strong oxidizing agents, the valence state of cobalt may change, causing its properties to change.
Furthermore, cobalt naphthenate has a certain catalytic activity. In some organic chemical reactions, especially oxidation, polymerization and other reactions, it can act as a catalyst to speed up the reaction rate and reduce the activation energy required for the reaction. In the curing process of unsaturated polyester resins, it can effectively promote the cross-linking and curing of resins and improve product performance.
In summary, the physical and chemical properties of cobalt naphthenate make it indispensable in many aspects of industrial production. However, when using it, it is also necessary to pay attention to its characteristics and operate it rationally to achieve the best use effect and ensure safety.
What are the precautions for the storage and transportation of cerium naphthenate?
For cobalt naphthenate, many matters need to be paid attention to during storage and transportation.
When storing, the first priority is to choose the environment. It should be placed in a cool and ventilated place, away from fire and heat sources. This is because cobalt naphthenate encounters open flames, hot topics or the risk of combustion. In the warehouse, the temperature should be controlled to a suitable degree to prevent the properties of the drug from changing due to excessive temperature. And it needs to be stored separately from oxidizing agents and acids, and must not be mixed. The cover is dangerous because it encounters with such substances or reacts chemically. At the same time, in the warehouse, there should be suitable materials for containing leaks, so as to prevent accidental leakage and dispose of them in time to prevent their spread and cause greater harm.
As for transportation, there are also many precautions. Transportation vehicles should ensure that the vehicle is in good condition and all safety facilities are complete. During transportation, be sure to prevent exposure to the sun, rain, and avoid high temperature. During summer transportation, pay special attention to the impact of high temperature on it. It is advisable to drive in the morning and evening when it is cool. When transporting, you should follow the prescribed route and do not stay or stop in densely populated areas or busy areas for a long time. When loading and unloading, the operation must be gentle, and it is strictly forbidden to drop, touch, and collide to avoid the leakage of chemicals caused by damaged packaging. Transportation personnel also need to be professionally trained to be familiar with the characteristics of cobalt naphthenate and emergency response methods. In the event of an emergency, they can respond quickly and properly to ensure the safety of transportation. In this way, the storage and transportation of cobalt naphthenate can be comprehensive and avoid many potential dangers.
What are the effects of cerium naphthenate on the environment?
"Tiangong Kaiwu" says: "The impact of cobalt naphthenic acid on the environment cannot be ignored."
Cobalt naphthenic acid, which is mostly used in industry, such as paint, ink drying agent, etc. Its impact on the environment, the first to bear the brunt, is the disturbance of ecological balance.
In terms of aquatic ecology, if cobalt naphthenic acid does not enter rivers, lakes and seas carefully, it contains cobalt, which may be ingested by aquatic organisms. Although cobalt is a trace amount of element required for biological growth, excessive amounts are harmful. If aquatic plants absorb too much, their physiological processes such as photosynthesis and respiration may be hindered, and their growth situation will be poor, or the amount will be reduced. Aquatic animals, such as fish, shellfish, etc., may cause physiological disorders after ingesting cobalt naphthenate, affecting their reproduction and development. In severe cases, it can cause death, which in turn damages the diversity of aquatic organisms and destroys the balance of the ecological chain.
As for the soil environment, if cobalt naphthenate contaminates the soil, cobalt is easily adsorbed by soil colloids, changing the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Soil microorganisms depend on a suitable soil environment for survival and reproduction. The intervention of cobalt naphthenate or the inhibition of microbial activity, such as amination, nitrification and other important soil biochemical processes, are affected, and soil fertility is also changed, which is not conducive to plant rooting and growth, and affects the yield and quality of crops.
Furthermore, the atmospheric environment is also implicated. In the process of industrial production and use of cobalt naphthenate, if the operation is improper, or volatile, it enters the atmosphere. In the atmosphere, or participate in photochemical reactions, secondary pollutants are generated, which not only reduce atmospheric visibility and affect air quality, but also return to the ground with precipitation, causing secondary pollution and spreading to the environment in a wider area.
From this point of view, the impact of cobalt naphthenate on the environment is complex and harmful. The world should use it cautiously to avoid irreparable harm to the environment where our generation lives.
What is the production process of cerium naphthenate?
The production process of epoxy succinic acid is based on maleic anhydride as the starting material and has gone through several delicate processes.
Initially, maleic anhydride is mixed with water in an appropriate ratio and hydrolyzed into maleic acid at a specific temperature. This step requires fine control of the temperature and reaction time. Due to high temperature or too long time, the quality of the product may be damaged.
Then, an appropriate amount of catalyst is added, such as tungsten or molybdenum catalysts, and then oxidizing agents such as oxygen or hydrogen peroxide are introduced. At this stage, the activity and dosage of the catalyst are crucial, which can effectively promote the conversion of maleic acid to epoxy succinic acid. And the pH of the reaction environment also needs to be carefully controlled, usually maintained in a suitable range to ensure the smooth progress of the reaction.
During the reaction process, temperature, pressure and other conditions must be closely monitored. The temperature should be kept stable. If it is too high, the reaction will be too fast and prone to side reactions; if it is too low, the reaction will be slow and take a long time. The pressure also needs to meet specific requirements to facilitate the efficient advancement of the reaction.
When the reaction is approaching completion, it still needs to go through the process of separation and purification. First, the unreacted solid impurities are removed by filtration or centrifugation. Then, the epoxy succinic acid self-reaction mixture is precisely separated by extraction, crystallization and other means, and further purified to obtain high-purity epoxy succinic acid products.
The entire production process, each step is interconnected, requiring fine operation and strict control to obtain high-quality epoxy succinic acid to meet the needs of many fields.
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